Haemorrhoids

CAUSES

Many theories exist on the development of haemorrhoidal disease: according to one of them, haemorrhoids are similar to varicose veins (theory of vascular hyperplasia), while according to another one haemorrhoid onset is due to the fact that ano-rectal mucosa becomes redundant and slides down. Many factors contribute to the development of "pathological" haemorrhoidal cushions.

The occurrence of these alterations may be facilitated by the following factors:

• Family history;
• Environmental factors:
  - Constipation;
  - Abnormal straining upon defecation;
  - Low-fibre diet;
  - Obesity;
  - Sedentary lifestyle;
• Other factors:
  - Deterioration of the supporting connective tissue;
  - Pregnancy;
  - Related diseases.

Stages of the disease

Haemorrhoid classification is based on a clinical examination, which is extremely important to choose the most appropriate treatment.

Classification (Goligher scale)